Loom for



4 Sheefis-Sheet 1.

S. NORTHROP.

LOOM.

, Patented Jan. 1,1851.

4 sheets-sheets,

s. NOBTHROP. 1.00M.

No. 7,876. Patented Jan. 1, 1851.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

HROP. M.

ORT

. Y Patented Jan. 1, 1851.

UNITE- STATES P- TN -FICE.

SHELDON NORTHROP, OF NEW MILFORD, CONNECTICUT.

LOOM FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be 1t known that I, SHELDON Non'rnnor,

of New Milford, in the county of Litchfieldand State of Connecticut,have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Power- Loom forlVeaving Seamless Bags, and that the following is a full, clear, andexact de scription of the principle or character which distinguishes itfrom all other things before known and of the manner of making,constructing, and using the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in whichFigure 1 is a plan of the loom; Fig. a vertical section taken at theline (A a) of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, another vertical section taken at the line(B, b) of Fig. l; and Fig. 4, a face view of the series of cams forworking the harness treadles to represent therelative positions of thecam grooves; and Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line (C, c) of Fig.1.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

The loom as improved by me is for the purpose of weaving seamless bagsby weaving the cloth double and united at one or both selvages for agiven distance to-form the bag, and then at given distances apartweaving the cloth single to unite the two cloths; and to this end myinvention consists in arranging and combining two series of cams, oneseries to work the warps so as to weave two cloths either united at oneor at both s-elvages, and the other to interlock or interweave all thewarps to make a sin gle cloth, when this is combined with a shiftingapparatus to connect at pleasure either series of cams with the treadlesthat operate the harness.

The accompanying drawings represent a loom of the usual construction forweaving plain cotton cloths except in the mode of operating the harness.It is mounted with four leaves of heddles which are connected togetherin the usual manner by means of two sets of levers (a, a, a, a,) at topand bottom, and connected with and operated by means of treadles (a, 0,c, a) that vibrate on a fulcrum rod (d) at the back. Each treadle has awrist or roller (6) projecting from each face, which are received andwork in the cam grooves, and to keep all the trea dles at the samedistance apart their forward ends work in grooves (f, f, f, f) in avertical plate (9'). v

The cam grooves for working the treadles are made 1n the face of fivedisks or wheels (2') mounted on one and the same shaft (j) whichreceives the required rotary motion from the crank or lay shaft (is) bymeans of a cog wheel and pinion (Z) and (m) the wheel being to thepinion as four to one that the lay shaft may make four revolutions toone of the treadle cam shaft. The two outer disks or wheels (i) aresingle, that is have but one cam groove, while the three inner ones aredouble, that is, have cam grooves on each face so that this makes eightcam grooves, double the number of treadles, and the eight are dividedinto two series, the first series being numbered (1, 2, 3, 4), and thesecond (5, 6, 7, 8), and the spaces between the disks or wheels are sogreat that when one of the series of cams operates the treadles theother series although on the same shaft will work clear of them, andvice versa, for the two series are required at different times.

The shifting of the treadles from one series of cams to the other iseffected in the following manner. The fulcrum rod ((Z) of the treadlesslides freely lengthwise in the main frame of the loom and is connectedby a spring plate (79) with a parallel rod (0) which slides in a hole inthe beam (79) of the frame, one end projecting beyond the end of theframe and is there attached to a bar ('2') which slides freely endwisein the main frame, and to which the plate (0), (in which the treadleswork,) is attached, as also the lower set of heddle levers (ea). In thisway and by this arrangement it will be seen that when the bar (1*) isshifted to one side or the other it shifts the forward end of thetreadles and by the tension of the spring plate (7)) draws the fulcrumrod ((Z) of the treadles in the same direction which brings the wristsor rollers on the treadles against the faces'of one of the series of camgroove wheels until by the rotation of the said wheels the came groovespermit the wristpins or rollers to enter which they do by the tension ofthe spring plate (79). In this way the treadles can be shifted from oneof the series of cam grooves to the other at pleasure; and without anydanger of breaking any part of the machinery. The form and relativeposition of the cam grooves of the series (1, 2, 3,4) is fullyrepresented in Fig. 4 where the disks or wheels instead of beingrepresented on a shaft are laid on a plane with two parallel linesrepresenting the shaft.

The cam grooves are so formed that numher 1 keeps its treadle up duringthree picks and down during the fourth pickthere being four picks foreach revolution of the cams. No. 2 keeps its treadle up during one pickand down during the fourth pick. No. 3 is similar to No. 1, butreversed, and number 4 is similar to No. 2 and also reversed. By thisarrangement and alternation it will be seen that the four divisions ofthe warps operated by this means will form two cloths united at theselvages, that is, will weave a continuous cloth, the weft instead ofpassing back and forth with the shuttle, being carried in a continuouscircuit, therefore making a cloth without selvage. hen the requiredlength of double cloth has been woven the tr-eadles are shifted to theother series of cam grooves (5, 6, 7, 8) which are so arranged as tointerlock all the warps to weave a single cloth. Cam groove No. 5corresponds with No. 7, and No. 6 with No. 8, and they shift with everypick, and pro-- duce the same effect as if two heddles only were used asin the usual way of weaving plain cloth, but as not less than four heddles will answer the purpose for the double cloth the same number mustof necessity be used for the single cloth.

In operating this loom for weaving bags, the best mode of procedure isto weave at first about one inch of single cloth by means of the cams-5,6, 7, and 8 to make the closed end of one bagthen a sufficient length ofdouble cloth for two bags is woven by means of the cams 1, 2, 3, and iand then again a sufficient length of single cloth for the closed endsof two bags, and so on to the end. And when the whole piece has thusbeen woven it is cut across in the middle of the lengths of singlecloths, to make the closed ends of the bags, and in the middle of thedouble lengths to make the open ends of the bags. When it isdesiredhowever to weave the bags with their lengths in the direction of theweft instead of the warps, the double portions of the cloth must bewoven with two selvages at one side and a closed selvage at the other,the closed selvage making the bottom or closed end of the bag and thedouble selvage the mouth or open end, the sides being formed by thealternate strips of single cloth; but for this purpose the series ofcams 1, 2, 3, 4L must be so arranged as to interlock the warps that formthe upper cloth during two picks, and then inter change for the next twopicks with the warps that form theunder cloth, then back and forth forthe under cloth and so on to the end.

I wish it to be distinctly understood that I make no claim to the formof the series of cams, nor simply to the shifting of the treadles, asthese may be varied without changing the principle of my invention, asany mode of operating the treadles in the succession required for eachoperation separately will answer the purpose, and it will be obviousthat instead of shifting the treadles from one series of cams to theother, the two series of cams may be shifted to the treadles.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent isThe arrangement in one loom of the two series of cams, substantially asdescribed, one series for weaving the cloth double and the other single,as herein described, in combination with shifting the treadles from oneseries of cams to the other, or the equivalent thereof, substantially,as herein described.

SHELDEN NORTHROP. Vitnesses DAVID D. NoRTHRor, RoswnLL l ORTI-IROP.

